Example Article of Semantic Field

Example Sense Relations and Semantic Field

1.   Polysemy

Examples word and sentences of polysemy :

1)    Man

·         The human species (i.e., man vs. animal)

·         Males of the human species (i.e., man vs. woman)

·         Adult males of the human species (i.e., man vs. boy)

2)    Mole

·         a small burrowing mammal

·         consequently, there are several different entities called moles (see the Mole disambiguation page). Although these refer to different things, their names derive from 1. :e.g. A Mole burrows for information hoping to go undetected.

3)    Bank

·         a financial institution

·         the building where a financial institution offers services

·         a synonym for 'rely upon' (e.g. "I'm your friend, you can bank on me"). It is different, but related, as it derives from the theme of security initiated by .

4)    Newspaper

·         a company that publishes written news.

·         a single physical item published by the company.

·         the newspaper as an edited work in a specific format (e.g. "They changed the layout of the newspaper's front page").

5)    Milk

·         The verb milk (e.g. "he's milking it for all he can get") derives from the process of obtaining milk.

6)    Wood

·         A piece of a tree

·         a geographical area with many trees

7)    Crane

·         a bird

·         a type of construction equipment to strain out one's neck

8)    iron

·         a type of metal

·         an instrument for pressing clothes

9)    diamond

·         a precious stone

·         a baseball field ( in the shape of a diamond)

10)  leaf

·         a part of a tree

·         a sheet of paper.

2.   Homonymy 

Examples : 

Number	Homonymy	Homographs	Homophones
1.	bail - to clear water	bail - release of a prisoner	bale - a large bundle
2.	band - a ring, something that binds	band - a group	banned - prohibited
3.	bare - uncovered	bear - large animal	bear - support, yield
4.	bases - starting points	bases - four stations on a baseball field	basis - a basic principle
5.	beat - to strike, overcome	beat – exhausted	beet - a plant with red roots
6.	air - atmosphere	ere – before	heir - one who inherits property
7.	aisle - a passage	I'll - contraction of I will	isle – island
8.	desert - to abandon	desert - dry land	dessert - after-dinner treat
9.	cent - a penny	scent - an odor	sent - past tense of send
10.	chews - gnaws with teeth	choose - to select
11.	cite - mention, quote	sight – vision	site - place
12.	capital - punishable by death	capital - chief city	capitol - building where legislature meets
13.	ceiling - top of a room	sealing - setting, fastening
14.	cell - small unit	sell - to give up for money
15.	advice - guidance	advise – recommend

Examples sentences of homonymy :

1)    Buy, by, and bye

·         When you buy a candy bar, you expect it to contain sugar.

·         Quite by chance, I found an old photograph of my grandfather, posing by the old mill pond.

·         "Bye," Jessica said, and then she disappeared into the crowd.

2)    Bread and Bred

·         "Good bread is the most fundamentally satisfying of all foods; and good bread with fresh butter, the greatest of feasts."

·         The Yorkshire terrier was originally bred to hunt for rats and other vermin

3.   Synonymy

Examples of Words Synonyms :

1)     cold and cool

2)    cunning and crafty

3)    handsome and good-looking

4)    crazy and mad

5)    collect and gather

Examples sentences of Synonymy :

1)    Flat = Apartment different dialect i.e. GB vs US

2)    Kid = Child different style i.e. colloquial vs neutral

3)    Skinny = Thin different connotation, ‘ skinny’ is more pejorative

4)    Conceal = Hide as transitive verbs, but ‘Hide’ may also be intransitive, thus different grammar ( Gairns and Radman, 1986 : 23)

4.   Antonyms

Examples of Words Antonyms:

1)    Afraid – Confident

2)    Ancient – Modern

3)    Arrive – Depart

4)    Arrogant – Humble

5)    Attack – Defend

6)    Brave – Cowardly

7)    Complex – Simple

8)    Brave – Cowardly

9)    Crazy – Sane

10) Decrease – Increase

11) Maximum - Minimum

12) Passive – Active

13) Permanent – Unstable

14) Positive – Negative

15) Single – Married

Examples sentences of  Binary Antonym:

1)    Alive - Dead

·         The relationship between alive and dead is such that to use one logically entails the denial of the other. An entity cannot be both simultaneously and there is no continuum or gradation between the terms.

2)    Single - married

·         Thus, we can say he is ‘ rather tall’ but not ‘rather married’.

Example  of words Converses Antonyms :

1)    Husband – Wife

2)    Buy- Sell

3)    Above – Below

4)    Afraid – Confident

5)    Permanent – Unstable

6)    Positive – Negative

Examples of  words Gradable Antonyms :

1)    Hot – Cold

2)    Big – Small

3)    Good – Bad

4)    Maximum – Minimum

5)    Passive – Active