jurnal teaching reading comprehension by using students recap (SR) Strategy.

TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION BY USING STUDENTS RECAP (SR) STRATEGY TO THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMA NEGERI 5 LUBUKLINGGAU

A.    Topic of the study

      Topic of this study, teaching reading comprehension by using students recap (sr) strategy to the eleventh grade students of SMA N  5  Lubuklinggau.

B.     Type of the study

In this study the researcher use a quasi- experimental research.

C.  Background

     Based on the interview  English Teacher of SMA Negeri 5 Lubuklinggau, the writer felt that  students face some problems in learning reading. The students are problem in vocabulary that is available on the text. Therefore, the students do not know  meaning on the text, because they do not practices a lot in finding the main ideas. According to Utami,D,P,.(21013 : 3) The reciprocal teaching will facilitate students with reading strategies and reading activities in  form   discussion or dialogue. The explanation above the writer tries  purpose a strategy carry students Recap Strategy. The writer will interest in conducting the research   proposal.

D.  The research problem

            The problem of the research is formula in the following question : “is it significantly affective to teach reading by using Students Recap (SR) to the Eleventh Grade Students of SMA Negeri 5 Lubuklinggau  ?

E.   The purpose of study

     In this study, the writer of  research problems on the following variables:

1.      The students of this study  the eleventh grade  students of SMA Negeri 5 Lubuklinggau.

2.      The strategy use in this study will students Recap (SR) Strategy and The material of reading in study will focus on narrative text.

F.   Research Variables

     According to Latief,M.A ( 2014 : 11) variable is defined as “ Characteristics that tend to differ from individual, through any two or more individuals may have the same variable trait or measure”. To analyze hypotheses about the influence of Recap Strategy and teaching reading comprehension, the writer give same test for two variables.

Reading achievement

Students Recap Strategy

Chart Research Variables

 

                        Independent Variable                       Dependent  Variable

1.    Hypothesis

     There are two hypotheses in this study, namely null hypotheses (Ho) and alternative Hypotheses (Ha) :

ü  The null hypotheses (Ho) state that it is not significantly effective to teach reading by Using Students Recap Strategy (SR) to the eleventh grade Students of SMA Negeri 5 Lubuklinggau.

ü  The alternative hypotheses (Ha) state that it is significantly effective to teach reading by Using Students Recap Strategy (SR) to the eleventh grade Students of SMA Negeri 5 Lubuklinggau.

     The hypotheses is test by critical value of the t obtained in t table distribution table. Since the total number of the sample of this research is 30 students with the degree of freedom 29 (30-1) and the significance level is 95 % or 0.05% for one tail test, the critical value of t is 1.697.

G.  The objective of the study

      The objective of this study will to found out whether or not it will significantly effective to teach reading by using Students Recap (SR) to the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 5 Lubuklinggau.

H.  The instrument of collecting data

ü  Research Design

     In this research, the researcher use quasi-experiment method only one group of students. In other words, it does not use two group or comparison subject.

Table. One group of pre-test and post-test

Group	Pre-test	Treatment	Post-test
Experiment	T1	X	T2

T_{1           :} Pre-test

T_{2           :} Post-test

X         : Treatment (Students Recap Strategy)

ü  Population and Sample

1.      Population

     According to Latief, M,A.,(2014 : 181) target population is usually to reach, so the researchers usually limit the sources of the data into the accessible population, the sources of data that the researchers have access to get the data from. The population this study was all of the eleventh grade students of SMA N 5 Lubuklinggau. There are 58 students take as the population this observation is show in table.

Table Population of the study

No	Class	Number of Students
1 2	XI IPA XI IPS	28 30
Total		58

2.      Sample

     According to  Wallen & Fraenkel, ( 1993 : 95),  Cluster random sampling is similar to simple random sampling except that groups rather than individuals are randomly selected (that is, the sampling unit is a group rather than an individual). Based on this technique, the writer get the students of the class XI IPS which consist of  30 students as a sample in this research.

I. Method of collecting data

     The students is give 20 question in the form of multiple choice. If they should answer the question  in 60 minutes. The test is give twice. They is pretest and post-test. Pre- test is use for starting point the observation. The post test will be give after the treatment has be taught. It is to know the effective of students Recap Strategy reading.

J.    Method of analysis  the data

     To analyze the data, the writer applied three techniques. They are (1) individual score,(2) conversion of the score,(3) matched-test.

REFERENCES

Frankel, J,R. & Wallen,N,E.,1993. How to Design and Evaluate Research in                                  Education Seventh Edition. New York: McGraw – Hill, inc.

Latief, M,A., 2014. Research Method on Language Learning An Introduction,                                Universitas Negeri Malang ( UM PRESS)

Utami, D.P. 2013. Using Reciprocal Teaching (Rt) to Improve The Reading Comprehension of Grade VIII Students of SMP Negeri 13 Yogyakarta. Unpublished Undergraduate thesis. Lubuklinggau: Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of STKIP-PGRI Lubuklinggau.

Article Keeping in touch with bass fishing reports.

Article Keeping in touch with bass fishing reports.

Fishing nowadays is already considered as a form of sport. In the past fishing is a form of occupation and used to strive for living. They catch fishes for their food and some are for earning some money. Fishing activities are done in water. This maybe in sea, rivers, lakes, bays, and in other form of water. Almost all bodies of water are rich in fishes and other water products that the fishers are after to. So fishing can be done anywhere and anytime because we are surrounded by bodies of water.

It is a fact the world is composed of seventy five per cent water, and the land is only composed of twenty five per cent. So fishing is very usual to people especially to those who live in nearby shores and water reservoir. Fishing is fun to do. It brings lots of enjoyment and relaxation to the fisher. Not only these, fishing also contributes to the development of human body because it can be used as form of exercise, not only for human body, it also help our mind to function well, for mind should be used properly in this sport.

There organization groups for bass fishing. They provide education program and enhancement of methods and techniques in bass fishing. They are educating people about fishing through books, flyers and leaflets, and the most sought out way of education that the fishing enthusiasts choose education through the internet. These organizations for fishing have their very own sites in the web for easier access of their members. Educational materials, advertisements, and tips are posted in their updated pages. Fishing tournaments are also offered by these organizations. The fishing enthusiasts are very much interested with this. In tournaments, all outgoing and adventurous fishers are joining because of the fun they can have.In the pages of these sites, fishing reports are being posted for the other fishing lovers to read. These articles are being posted for them to be able to share the experiences and activities regarding fishing that they have done.

These reports are much patronized by the enthusiasts for these are providing tips to a better and more successful fishing. Articles’ regarding the activities of fishing includes some anecdotes and newly discovered new techniques. Pictures and images are also present in these reports to more entertain the fishers that are visiting the sites. These pictures are usually eye catching and make amazements to the part of the viewers. Tips for better fishing are also available in the sites of these fishing organizations. They provide advices that will help in the enhancement and improvement of the fisher’s capabilities in fishing. Some of the tips and advices in some of the pages that are posted in the bass fishing reports are the following. They are already summarized for easy understanding of the readers You need to fish bass differently in different kinds of water quality. Following these general guidelines will improve your fishing quality:

Muddy Water: In low-visibility water, a bass finds food using its sonar senses. You must use lures with the best vibration and noise. You can tell if a lure has a high vibration by feeling the shaking of your rod as you bring in the lure. Use your heaviest vibrators and keep them coming at a steady pace so that bass can detect it.Clear Water: Bass are overly cautious in clear water with high visibility. Their survival instincts kick in, and they are wary of anything out of the ordinary. Use lighter lines that are less visible. Also, use longer casts and lures that resemble bass food in the area. Spinners usually work in clear water, but if they are not working try a black spinner blade to reduce the flash.

Normal Water: This water has normal algae and plankton that filters out sunlight. It is ideal for all types of lures, as the bass are not timid. Use the shotgun approach here and set up 3 outfits, one using a surface lure, one using a deep diver, and the last using a plastic worm. Do about 10 casts with each, and then switch them up to different variations. This is a great way to find out what is working. Bass fishing reports are of big help in for the enthusiasts of fishing. Other fishers should also contribute and send their reports for the development of the fishing sport.

Example Article of Semantic Field

Example Sense Relations and Semantic Field

1.   Polysemy

Examples word and sentences of polysemy :

1)    Man

·         The human species (i.e., man vs. animal)

·         Males of the human species (i.e., man vs. woman)

·         Adult males of the human species (i.e., man vs. boy)

2)    Mole

·         a small burrowing mammal

·         consequently, there are several different entities called moles (see the Mole disambiguation page). Although these refer to different things, their names derive from 1. :e.g. A Mole burrows for information hoping to go undetected.

3)    Bank

·         a financial institution

·         the building where a financial institution offers services

·         a synonym for 'rely upon' (e.g. "I'm your friend, you can bank on me"). It is different, but related, as it derives from the theme of security initiated by .

4)    Newspaper

·         a company that publishes written news.

·         a single physical item published by the company.

·         the newspaper as an edited work in a specific format (e.g. "They changed the layout of the newspaper's front page").

5)    Milk

·         The verb milk (e.g. "he's milking it for all he can get") derives from the process of obtaining milk.

6)    Wood

·         A piece of a tree

·         a geographical area with many trees

7)    Crane

·         a bird

·         a type of construction equipment to strain out one's neck

8)    iron

·         a type of metal

·         an instrument for pressing clothes

9)    diamond

·         a precious stone

·         a baseball field ( in the shape of a diamond)

10)  leaf

·         a part of a tree

·         a sheet of paper.

2.   Homonymy 

Examples : 

Number	Homonymy	Homographs	Homophones
1.	bail - to clear water	bail - release of a prisoner	bale - a large bundle
2.	band - a ring, something that binds	band - a group	banned - prohibited
3.	bare - uncovered	bear - large animal	bear - support, yield
4.	bases - starting points	bases - four stations on a baseball field	basis - a basic principle
5.	beat - to strike, overcome	beat – exhausted	beet - a plant with red roots
6.	air - atmosphere	ere – before	heir - one who inherits property
7.	aisle - a passage	I'll - contraction of I will	isle – island
8.	desert - to abandon	desert - dry land	dessert - after-dinner treat
9.	cent - a penny	scent - an odor	sent - past tense of send
10.	chews - gnaws with teeth	choose - to select
11.	cite - mention, quote	sight – vision	site - place
12.	capital - punishable by death	capital - chief city	capitol - building where legislature meets
13.	ceiling - top of a room	sealing - setting, fastening
14.	cell - small unit	sell - to give up for money
15.	advice - guidance	advise – recommend

Examples sentences of homonymy :

1)    Buy, by, and bye

·         When you buy a candy bar, you expect it to contain sugar.

·         Quite by chance, I found an old photograph of my grandfather, posing by the old mill pond.

·         "Bye," Jessica said, and then she disappeared into the crowd.

2)    Bread and Bred

·         "Good bread is the most fundamentally satisfying of all foods; and good bread with fresh butter, the greatest of feasts."

·         The Yorkshire terrier was originally bred to hunt for rats and other vermin

3.   Synonymy

Examples of Words Synonyms :

1)     cold and cool

2)    cunning and crafty

3)    handsome and good-looking

4)    crazy and mad

5)    collect and gather

Examples sentences of Synonymy :

1)    Flat = Apartment different dialect i.e. GB vs US

2)    Kid = Child different style i.e. colloquial vs neutral

3)    Skinny = Thin different connotation, ‘ skinny’ is more pejorative

4)    Conceal = Hide as transitive verbs, but ‘Hide’ may also be intransitive, thus different grammar ( Gairns and Radman, 1986 : 23)

4.   Antonyms

Examples of Words Antonyms:

1)    Afraid – Confident

2)    Ancient – Modern

3)    Arrive – Depart

4)    Arrogant – Humble

5)    Attack – Defend

6)    Brave – Cowardly

7)    Complex – Simple

8)    Brave – Cowardly

9)    Crazy – Sane

10) Decrease – Increase

11) Maximum - Minimum

12) Passive – Active

13) Permanent – Unstable

14) Positive – Negative

15) Single – Married

Examples sentences of  Binary Antonym:

1)    Alive - Dead

·         The relationship between alive and dead is such that to use one logically entails the denial of the other. An entity cannot be both simultaneously and there is no continuum or gradation between the terms.

2)    Single - married

·         Thus, we can say he is ‘ rather tall’ but not ‘rather married’.

Example  of words Converses Antonyms :

1)    Husband – Wife

2)    Buy- Sell

3)    Above – Below

4)    Afraid – Confident

5)    Permanent – Unstable

6)    Positive – Negative

Examples of  words Gradable Antonyms :

1)    Hot – Cold

2)    Big – Small

3)    Good – Bad

4)    Maximum – Minimum

5)    Passive – Active